Publications

Ghana faces escalating climate-driven conflicts including chieftaincy disputes over shrinking resources, farmer-herder tensions as grazing lands recede, and illegal mining destroying farmland. Climate policies exist but lack implementation and resources. Violence risks grow as vulnerable northern communities deal with displacement, livelihood loss, and competition over land and water.

PNG is a US Global Fragility Strategy priority country. Key challenges include weak governance, extreme economic inequality, climate vulnerability, and widespread gender-based violence. With diverse geography (800+ languages, 600 tribes), limited state capacity, and strategic importance amid US-China competition, the US faces unique operational hurdles requiring adaptive planning, local partnerships, and whole-of-government coordination for conflict prevention.